Ultrastructure of the intercalated body,a novel organelle associated with fluid forming cells in the organ of Corti

The intercalated body is a newly discovered organelle in the inner and outer spiral sulcus cells of the mouse organ of Corti. The organelle was found in the cochleas of 14-day and older intact mice and in organs in culture of corresponding ages. The organelle consists of a stack of interconnected cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and of membrane bound rodlets that are intercalated between, and run parallel to, the cisternae. The cisternal membranes are predominantly smooth, but some may display ribosomes. Most rodlets are from 1 to 2 μm long, about 0.1 μm wide, and contain electron dense material. Mitochondria are commonly associated with or incorporated into the organelle. Some electron micrographs suggest that the rodlets may originate from modified mitochondria. It is our impression that the formation of the organelle begins with the apposition of cisternae and mitochondria. Cisternal-associated mitochondria appear to constrict, elongate, and lose their inner membranes. In both the intact animal and in culture, the cells of the inner and outer spiral sulci display microvilli, apical junctional complexes, lateral intercellular spaces containing interdigitating cell processes, and appear to be involved in fluid formation. Moreover, in culture, the cells of inner and outer spiral sulci as well as some cells proliferating in the outgrowth zone participate in fluid formation, producing large fluid pockets. All these cells commonly contain intercalated bodies. It is possible that in the intact animal, as in culture, intercalated bodies may play a role in fluid regulation in the immediate vicinity of the hair cells.     

Bridging the Gap between Academics and Practice: A Capstone Design Experience

As part of graduation requirements, the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison requires a minimum of one three credits course in a capstone design experience. The main objective of this course is to allow students the opportunity of undertaking and completing an open-ended design project. Supervision of the projects is performed by practicing engineers and department faculty. The course is a practice oriented design class that integrates several civil engineering areas. Special emphasis is placed on integrating constructability concepts with structural engineering, mechanical systems, electrical systems, and other project details. Student groups not only complete project designs, but also perform feasibility studies, value engineering, and prepare a construction schedule and cost estimate based on the designs they have generated. The objective of this paper is to describe the senior level capstone design experience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.     

Analysis of regioisomers of triacylglycerols of northern currant seed oil by tandem mass spectrometry

Currant oils have special health properties due to their moderate contents of α‐linolenic, γ‐linolenic and stearidonic acids. The distribution of fatty acids (FA) in the triacylglycerols (TAG) may affect the beneficial effects. Seed oils of wild northern red currant (NRC) (Ribes spicatum L.) from Northern Finland and of wild alpine currant (AC) (R. alpinum L.) from the South‐West coast of Finland were investigated. The purified TAG were analysed by tandem mass spectrometry by applying the ammonia negative ion chemical ionisation – collision‐induced dissociation method. Molecular weight fractions rich in C18:3 FA and C18:4 FA were investigated. Of the total oil, the molecular weight species 54:7 (ACN:DB), 54:8 and 54:9 were more abundant in NRC than in AC, being 21.0%, 15.8%, 7.4% and 16.2%, 11.2%, 4.8%, respectively (p <0.05). The species 52:6 was more abundant in AC (3.1%) than in NRC (2.6%) (p <0.05). The preferential order of FA to be in the sn‐2 position in both berries was typically C18:1 > C18:2 > C18:4 > C18:3. No difference was observed between relative locations of C16:0 FA and C18:3 FA in either of the oils. Within the TAG consisting of FA combinations C18:3/C18:3/C18:1 (54:7), C18:1 was more preferentially in the sn‐2 position (p <0.05) in AC (93.2%) than in NRC (74.6%), and in the case of C18:3, the preference was vice versa. Within the molecular weight species 54:9, FA combination C18:4/C18:3/C18:2, linoleic acid preferentially occupied the secondary position (p <0.005) in both berries, and the proportion of the TAG regioisomer pair sn‐C18:3‐C18:4‐C18:2 + sn‐C18:2‐C18:4‐C18:3 was more abundant (30.2%) in NRC than in AC (15.3%). Within the TAG species 52:6, proportions of all the existing combinations, C16:0/C18:3/C18:3, C16:0/C18:4/C18:2 and C16:1/C18:3/C18:2, varied between the two berry species (p <0.005).     

Emotion recognition from faces and prosody following temporal lobectomy.

The anteromedial temporal lobe has been found to participate in processing emotion, but there are unresolved discrepancies in the literature. To address this issue, the authors investigated recognition of emotion from faces and from prosody in 26 participants with unilateral temporal lobectomy (15 left, 11 right) and in 50 brain-damaged controls. Participants with right, but not left, temporal lobectomy did significantly worse in recognizing fear from facial expressions. There were no group differences in recognizing emotional prosody. Neither IQ nor basic perceptual function accounted for task performance; however, there was a moderate negative correlation between extent of amygdala damage and overall performance. Consistent with some prior studies, these findings support a role for the right anteromedial temporal lobe (including amygdala) in recognizing emotion from faces but caution in drawing conclusions from small group samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VISCOSITY STUDIES OF SYSTEM CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2: 1, 40% SiO2*

The measurement of glass viscosities at elevated temperatures with an oscillating cylinder-type viscometer is described. Viscosity data are presented covering those compositions in the CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ system which contain 40% SiO₂ and which are liquid at 1500°C. The pattern of the system of isokoms presented indicates that viscosity is closely related to the ratio of basic to acidic components. Theoretical aspects of the variation of viscosity with composition in silicate-aluminate systems are discussed in terms of silica-alumina polymers.     

Aqueous leachability of metakaolin-based geopolymers with molar ratios of Si/Al = 1.5-4

The leachability in water of metakaolin based geopolymers with molar ratios of Na/Al = 1 and Si/Al = 1.5-4.0 has been investigated in order to optimise the composition for the immobilisation of nuclear waste. Formulations with Si/Al of around 2 are the most suitable using the ASTM/PCT leach test method. The variability of the leach results is discussed with reference to the microstructure, compressive strength and the degree of polymerisation of the geopolymers as observed here by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, XRD and infrared measurements.     

Insights into the simultaneous chronopotentiometric stripping measurement of indium(III), thallium(I) and zinc(II) in acidic medium at the in situ prepared antimony film carbon paste electrode

The simultaneous measurement of microgram per liter concentration levels of indium(III), thallium(I) and zinc(II) at the antimony film carbon paste electrode (SbF-CPE) is demonstrated. The antimony film was deposited in situ on a carbon paste substrate electrode and employed in chronopotentiometric stripping mode in deoxygenated solutions of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid (pH 2). The chronopotentiometric stripping performance of the SbF-CPE was studied and compared with constant current chronopotentiometric stripping and anodic stripping voltammetric operation. In comparison with its bismuth and mercury counterparts, the SbF-CPE exhibited advantageous electroanalytical performance; namely, at the bismuth film electrode, the measurement of zinc(II) was practically impossible due to hydrogen evolution, whereas the mercury film electrode exhibited a poorly developed signal for thallium(I). The SbF-CPE revealed favorable calculated LoDs (3σ) of 1.4 μg L⁻¹ for thallium(I) and 2.4 μg L⁻¹ for indium(III) along with good linear response in the examined concentration range from 10 to 100 μg L⁻¹ with correlations coefficients (R²) of 0.992 for thallium(I) and 0.994 for indium(III) associated with a 120 s deposition time. The chronopotentiometric stripping performance of the SbF-CPE was characterized also by satisfactory reproducibility of 1.62% for indium(III), 3.96% for thallium(I) and 2.11% for zinc(II) (c = 40 μg L⁻¹, n = 11).     

Polydopamine-Assisted Bi-Functional Modification of NiO Anode for Enhanced Lithium-Ion Storage Performance

The blooming requirement of high-performance energy storage systems has aroused the thirst for advanced energy storage materials. As a high capacity anode, however, the application of NiO nanoparticles (NiO NPs) is hindered by intractable issues of dramatic volume change, intrinsic low electronic conductivity, and severe aggregation tendency during lithiation/delithiation. Herein, a polydopamine (PDA) assisted bi-functionalization strategy for fabricating of PDA@NiO-CNT composites for fast and durable lithium storage is reported. In this composite, CNTs intertwine to form a network to ensure sufficient electrolyte infiltration and act as a highly conductive system to motivate fast charge transmission. The strong binding affinity of PDA facilitates bonding between NiO NPs and CNTs, which not only forms uniform and flexible PDA coating but also ensures homogeneous distribution of NiO NPs on CNTs network. Therefore, the bi-functional modified PDA@NiO-CNT electrode possesses high conductivity, alleviates volume change and aggregation of NiO NPs during cycling, achieves a reversible capacity of 1326 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹, a rate capability of 215 mAh g⁻¹ at 2000 mA g⁻¹ and a cycling stability with 78% capacity retention after 250 cycles. This bi-functional modification approach manifests its prospective potential for architecting other electrode materials toward high-performance electrochemical devices.